how to draw a 3d house on autocad

Bones 3D and Surface Modelling

Introduction

Although AutoCAD has a number of commands for creating special 3D objects, a lot can exist accomplished past changing the properties of basic second objects similar polylines. Most second objects can be given a thickness using the thickness option in the Properties (DDCHPROP) command. Although objects with a thickness can be said to be extruded, this should not be confused with the EXTRUDE control which creates solid extrusions; giving an object thickness produces a surface extrusion. All objects can be given an acme by moving them in the Z management using the MOVE command. With a combination of the Motility and Properties commands you can apace create simple 3D drawings.

Using this tutorial yous volition learn how to give objects a thickness, how to move them vertically, how to view your 3D creations and how to employ the 3DFACE and SHADE commands.

The DDVPOINT Control

You can use this command to get an axonometric view of your cartoon.

In that location are a number of ways to get an axonometric view of your AutoCAD drawing but the DDVPOINT command is probably the easiest and quickest to apply. It is, however, buried two layers deep in the pull-down menu and then information technology's often quicker just to type it at the keyboard, since at that place is no toolbar button. As you probably recognise from the control proper name it is a dialogue box driven control. The Viewpoint Presets dialogue box is illustrated on the right. As yous can encounter, you ascertain a view by specifying 2 angles. The start angle is the rotation from the Ten axis (the horizontal angle). The second is the angle from the XY plane (the vertical bending). Using the dialogue box you tin can specify an angle either by picking on the 2 dials or past inbound an bending into each of the ii angle edit boxes. You can even look at your drawing from underneath by specifying a negative vertical bending. For nigh purposes a horizontal angle along 1 of the diagonals, 45, 135, 225 and 315 and a vertical angle of 30 requite the best results.

You can return to a plan view of your cartoon past using the Program command. To do this, just enter "PLAN" at the command prompt and then to accept the "Current UCS" default. You can also render to whatsoever previous view past using the Zoom Previous command option, Z P at the keyboard or from the Standard toolbar.

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The Backdrop Command

Yous can utilize the DDCHPROP command to change the color, layer, linetype, linetype scale and thickness of any single or multiple object selection. The DDMODIFY command gives all of these change options in addition to those which are specific to the object type. DDMODIFY is always used past AutoCAD as a default for single object selections when the Properties command is selected from the toolbar or from the pull-downwardly menu.

Command Sequence

Control: DDCHPROP
Select objects: (pick one or more than objects)
Select objects:
When you lot have selected the objects, the Alter Properties dialogue box appears. To change the thickness, but enter a value (in cartoon units) in the Thickness edit box. When you lot click the "OK" push button your objects will exist extruded by the amount specified.

The illustration (correct) shows the result of applying a thickness to a circle. A circle with no thickness is shown on the left and a circle with thickness on the right.

Effectively a circle with thickness becomes a cylinder. Yous can tell by the orientation of the UCS icon in this illustration that this is an axonometric view (see "The DDVPOINT Command" to a higher place for details).

Moving in the Z Direction

By now you lot should be quite used to using the Motion command just up until now you lot've only been moving 2D objects in the XY Plane. Move can merely every bit easily be used to motility a drawing object vertically, perpendicular to the XY Plane. You tin can do this past using XY and Z co-ordinates or by picking points in 3D space.

In the illustration on the left a circumvolve has been moved from the base plane of a cube to the pinnacle face of a cube. This is done by using the Motion command ( from the pull-down or from the Modify toolbar). Just start the MOVE control, select the circle, choice one of the lower corners of the cube as the base betoken (utilize the end indicate Osnap!) and then pick the respective top corner every bit the second point, again using the end point Osnap. If you wait at the circle in program there appears to be no difference in it's position because it has not been moved in the XY plane just perpendicular to it. You tin use the same principle to move any drawing entity. Bear in mind that you must always use an Osnap when you are picking points in 3D space. If yous do not, the picked point will ever be on the base aeroplane, which doesn't make any sense. One of the problems with this is that you may not realise your mistake until you alter your view position because in the current view the objects volition appear to have been moved unremarkably. It'due south a good thought to continue switching your view indicate as a check.

In the in a higher place example the move was fairly easy because nosotros had a cube to utilize as a guide. Very often you will demand to movement an object vertically without whatever guide. In such a case yous should use co-ordinates. For example, if the cube in the illustration above was 40 drawing units high then I could move the circle using the following command sequence.

Control Sequence

Control: Move
Select objects: (select the circle)
Select objects:
Base bespeak or displacement: 0,0,0
Second point of displacement: 0,0,40

Detect that I use the UCS origin point as a base point, that's because it's standard practice only in principle information technology could be any indicate in space. The near of import thing is that the X and Y co-ordinates remain the same (considering we do not desire to movement in the XY Plane) and the Z co-ordinate must increase by the distance you lot want to move up. Using co-ordinate 25,43,16 as the base point and 25,43,56 as the second point would have resulted in exactly the same move. To motion down you but need to specify a negative Z co-ordinate. For case to move the circle downwardly by xl units the 2nd bespeak co-ordinate would exist 0,0,-40.

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The 3D Face Command

The 3D Face command is used to draw 3D surfaces with 3 or four edges.

Control Sequence

Command: 3DFACE
Offset Signal: (pick signal)
Second Point: (pick point)
3rd Point: (pick bespeak)
Fourth Signal: (choice signal or for just 3 edges)
Tertiary Point: (showtime another 3D Face up or to terminate)

Why do I demand a 3D Face?

The reason is that when you give an entity like a rectangle a thickness it is given solid sides in the direction of the extrusion but it is left open up ended like a tube. To add a peak and a bottom to a box you must use 3D Faces. In the illustration on the right, 2 boxes have been shaded using the Shade command, SHADE from the keyboard, from the pull-downwardly or from the Render toolbar. Run across SHADE for a description of the Shade command options. The box on the right is a rectangle which has been given a thickness. As you tin can see, it does not have a acme. A 3D Face has been added to the top of the box on the left which gives the effect of a solid surface when shaded.

When you use the Shade command, don't forget to use the Regen command to get back to the wireline drawing. AutoCAD does not allow you to pick points on a shaded drawing.

For complicated shapes you may need to use a number of 3D Faces to fill a surface. Fortunately, extruded circles are automatically given a solid acme and bottom so you don't demand any 3D Faces. If you do need to utilise a circuitous of faces to fill a surface there is a manner to hide the join lines between faces. If you lot type "I" and before the offset pick betoken of any border, that edge volition be made invisible. If y'all are careful you can easily fill up a complicated surface with many 3D Faces which will simply appear as a single continuous surface. If y'all need to create a very complex surface information technology may be better to use the EXTRUDE command which creates solid extrusions i.east. they already accept superlative and lesser surfaces.

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An Exercise

The exercise beneath is designed so that y'all tin can practice all of the new commands and techniques outlined to a higher place. It is a simple tabular array which is composed of 9 main elements, 4 legs, 4 rails, and a height. These elements are all synthetic using the Rectangle control, RECTANG from the keyboard or from the pull-down carte. Call up, there is nix special nearly rectangles, they are just iv sided closed polylines, then if you prefer using the PLINE command, so experience free.

These rectangles will exist given a thickness using the Properties control and an meridian using the Move command. Some 3D Faces are used for the finishing touches using the 3DFACE command.

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Cartoon the Table

Footstep one

First of all draw the table programme using the dimensions on the illustration and inset detail beneath. All dimensions are in millimetres. The program is equanimous of ix rectangles. You may need to apply other commands like Line and Offset to construct the rectangles. Alternatively you can work out the rectangle co-ordinates and construct them manually. Remember to employ the Re-create and/or Mirror commands to duplicate identical objects. For case, it'south really only necessary to draw i leg since they are all the same.

Step two

Next, using the Properties control, select the four table legs and give them a thickness of 700. Using the Properties command a second time, select the 4 table rails and requite them a thickness of 100. Move the rails vertically through 600 with the MOVE control using a co-ordinate value of 0,0,0 for the base of operations bespeak and 0,0,600 for the second point. Finally use the Backdrop command a third time to give the tabular array top a thickness of forty and utilise Move once again to requite the top an elevation of 700. Now look at what you take created using the DDVPOINT control, from the pull-down or DDVPOINT at the keyboard. Apply the SHADE command to meet the solid effect, from the pull-down or SHADE at the keyboard.

Step three

As y'all volition accept noticed, your tabular array does not yet have a solid top. You tin can reach this using 3D Face. You tin starting time the 3D Face up command from the pull-down, , from the Render toolbar, or from the keyboard, 3DFACE. 3D Faces are defined by picking the four points of a rectangle in either a clockwise or anticlockwise management. First the 3D Face command and using the endpoint Osnap, select the four upper corners of the tabular array acme. Apply the Shade command again to see the effect. You can employ more than 3D Faces to complete the model. By looking at the tabular array from various angles you will notice that the underside of the rails, the underside of the legs and the underside of the table meridian all need 3D Faces in order to create a completely solid model.

Now that you have completed your model, experiment with the Shade control and the various shade border settings (see "Tips and Tricks" below).

Step 4

To end your drawing, set tilemode to 0, create an A3 drawing sheet and insert some tiled viewports, see thePaper Space exercise for details. Your cartoon should stop up looking something like the one below. The vase was created using the REVSURF command, see REVSURF for details.

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3D Objects

In addition to the uncomplicated 3D objects you can create by giving objects thickness and calculation 3D Faces, AutoCAD provides a number of set fabricated 3D objects. These objects can be chosen from the 3D Objects dialogue box. As you lot can see from the analogy of the dialogue box below, you lot tin create very simple objects like a box and circuitous ones similar the torus.

You must invoke the 3D objects dialogue box from the pull-down carte, as there is no keyboard equivalent. Alternatively you can select private 3D Object commands from the Surfaces toolbar. Each 3D Object requires different input from the user merely the command line is quite explicit so yous shouldn't have whatever problems.

One of the most useful objects is the Sphere. In the illustration on the correct a 3D tree has been created using a circle with thickness as the trunk and a sphere as the canopy. One affair to bear in mind when creating spheres is that the center of the sphere will be on the footing plane. Therefore, half of the sphere is below ground level and half above. If yous want the sphere to sit on the ground plane, all you lot take to exercise is movement it upwards through a distance which is the aforementioned as it's radius.

Another consideration when creating spheres and some of the other shapes is the number of segments to use. It is very tempting to use a lot and create a shine shape only this does accept lots of cartoon memory so become carefully. The default value (16) is ordinarily adequate for most purposes.

Control Sequence

Invoke the dialogue box from the pull-down (), selection the sphere icon and then the "OK" button or selection from the Surfaces toolbar.

Center of sphere: (pick indicate)
Diameter/<radius>: (option point or enter value)
Number of longitudinal segments<xvi>: (enter number or)
Number of latitudinal segments<16>: (enter number or)
Your Sphere is drawn.

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Tips & Tricks

• If y'all would similar to effort creating the vase every bit shown in the table drawing. Y'all will demand to know a footling bit about UCS, User According Systems (see UCS) and how the Revolved Surface command works (see the 3D Tree exercise for details).
• You can modify the shaded outcome that the Shade command gives to your drawing using the SHADEDGE variable. To alter the shade border variable just enter SHADEDGE at the keyboard and enter a value between 0 and 3.
  SHADEDGE = 0 gives a shaded colour surface with no lines.
  SHADEDGE = 1 gives a shaded colour surface with lines. This tends to requite the all-time overall results.
  SHADEDGE = 2 gives a background color surface which gives a similar effect to the Hide command.
  SHADEDGE = three gives a block color surface, this is the AutoCAD default. Encounter SHADE for a fuller description of the SHADEDGE variable.
• Always use Osnaps when picking in 3D.
• Utilise the Shade command regularly to keep track of your cartoon. In wireline information technology's impossible to tell if a surface has a 3D Face or not, so you'll need to use Shade to check.
• Y'all can force invisible 3D Face up edges to brandish in wireline using the SPLFRAME variable. If SPLFRAME = 0 all invisible edges remain hidden. If it is set to 1 invisible edges will be displayed. This can exist extremely useful because it is impossible to select a 3D Face which has no visible edges. The merely fashion to select such a 3D Face is to set SPLFRAME to 1 first.

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